Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh Hosseini Rohani was born in 1926 in Qom, Iran. After completing his preliminary studies, he migrated to Najaf in 1936 to pursue advanced religious education. Upon finishing his studies, he returned to Iran in 1950 and began teaching jurisprudence (fiqh) and principles of Islamic law (usul al-fiqh) at the Qom Seminary. It is reported that he attained the rank of ijtihad at the age of 14, and his first advanced-level teaching (Dars Kharej) commenced in 1951.
Ayatollah Rohani authored 26 works in Arabic and 21 works in Persian, contributing significantly to Islamic scholarship. He passed away in 2022 in Qom.